Essay About Indian Culture: Brief Overview. Every culture is unique. It has its traditional values, religion, dance, festivals, music, and cloth. This topic involves abundant number of information because it is almost unlimited. Indian culture is one of the oldest. This country always had an urban civilization Jun 21, · Essay - Culture of India. Nearly one sixth of all the human beings on Earth live in India, the world’s most populous democracy. Officially titled the Republic of India, it’s 1,, sq. mi. lie in South Asia, occupying most of the Indian subcontinent, bordered by Pakistan (W); China, Nepal, and Bhutan (N); and Myanmar (E) and Bangladesh forms an enclave in the NE The Indian culture and tradition essay is a guideline to the vibrant cultures and traditions followed in India. India was home to many invasions and thus it only added to the present variety. Today, India stands as a powerful and multi-cultured society as it
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lie in South Asia, occupying most of the Indian subcontinent, bordered by Pakistan W ; China, Nepal, and Bhutan N ; and Myanmar E and Bangladesh culture of india essay an enclave in the NE. The modern nation of India also known by its ancient Hindi name, Bharat is smaller than the Indian Empire formerly ruled by Britain. Burma now Myanmara mainly Buddhist country lying to the east, was administratively detached from India in Ten years later, when Britain granted independence to the culture of india essay of the Indian subcontinent, two regions with Muslim majorities—a large one in the northwest West Pakistan and a smaller one in the northeast East Pakistan —were partitioned from the predominantly Hindu areas and became the separate nation of Pakistan. East Pakistan broke away from Pakistan in to form the independent nation of Bangladesh.
There are three distinct physiographic regions. In the north the high peaks of the Himalayas lie partly in India but mostly just beyond its borders in Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet. Most of the country has three seasons: hot, wet, and cool. During the hot season, which usually lasts from early March to mid-June, very high temperatures are accompanied by intermittent winds and occasional dust storms Concise, culture of india essay. Strong, humid winds from the southwest and south usually lasts from early March to mid-June, very high temperatures are accompanied by intermittent winds and occasional dust storms. Most of the far northeast north and east of Bangladeshculture of india essay, northern West Bengal, and the west coast from Cochin to somewhat north of Bombay get more than 80 inches centimeters of rainfall annually.
This is usually enough to keep the soil moist throughout the year. The natural vegetation associated with these regions is an exceedingly varied, broadleaf, evergreen rain forest, typically tall and dense. As a result, the soil has become less fertile. Where the forest has grown again, it is generally lower and less open than the original vegetation New World Encyclopedia, culture of india essay. It is not certain which racial group first occupied India. The assumption is often made that the first inhabitants had characteristics in common with the small-statured, dark, aboriginal population of Australia, as well as with other tribal groups still found in isolated, forested regions of Southeast Asia. Therefore, the term proto-Australoid has been applied to the racial type represented by culture of india essay number of tribes still living in India, mainly in the states of Bihar, Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh.
Other early arrivals were the ancestors of the peoples, now living mainly in southern India, who speak languages of the Dravidian family. The Mongoloid peoples have also been in India a long time. Their present-day descendants include several tribal groups living along the frontiers with Myanmar, China TibetBhutan, and Nepal. Linguistic differences are much clearer than those of racial groupings. Of the Indo-Aryan languages, Hindi, the official national language, is the most important. In its standard form and its many dialects, it is spoken by about 43 percent of the population and is understood by a large culture of india essay of others. It is predominant in the northern and central regions. Urdu is also the official language of Pakistan and is spoken by most Indian Muslims except in the far south and east.
Other important Indo-Aryan languages are Bengali the official language of the state of West Bengal and also of BangladeshPanjabi the official language of the state of Punjab and the most widely spoken language of Pakistanand Marathi, Gujarati, Oriya, Assamese, and Kashmiri respectively, the official languages of the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Orissa, Assam, and Jammu and Kashmir. Two other languages of the Indo-Aryan family are among the 15 regarded as official languages by the constitution: Sanskrit, a classical literary language, and Sindhi, spoken culture of india essay in the Sind province of Pakistan and also by Hindu refugees who came to India after partition in English is understood by most educated persons. While it is not one of the 15 languages, it culture of india essay officially recognized and is used, for example, for correspondence between Hindi-speaking and non-Hindi-speaking states.
It is also the language shared by the Dravidian-speaking south and the Hindi-speaking north. Of the scores of languages not officially recognized, many are spoken almost exclusively by tribal peoples, known collectively as Adibasis New World Encyclopedia. Hinduism evolved from Vedism, the religion of the early Aryan invaders. While it recognizes innumerable gods, they are widely regarded as diverse manifestations of one culture of india essay universal spirit. Hinduism has no standard orthodox form. It is, in effect, culture of india essay, what people who call themselves Hindus do in carrying out their dharma, or religious obligations, culture of india essay. This varies considerably from one region and social group to another. The social groups with which Hindus identify most strongly are their jatis, or castes.
A caste is a hereditary group whose members intermarry only among themselves. Each has its own origin myth, traditional occupation, rules relating to kinship, diet, and various forms of behavior. Castes are graded in a social and ritual hierarchy in which each expects respect from inferior groups and gives respect to superior ones. While obviously creating disparities, the caste system is not regarded by most Hindus as unjust. This is the path that may eventually lead to salvation, called moksha, freedom from the continuous round of rebirths New World Encyclopedia. Muslims, culture of india essay, who constitute 11 percent of the population, are the largest religious minority.
Many of these followers of the monotheistic faith of Islam are descendants of invaders from the Middle East and Central Asia who began entering the subcontinent as early as the 8th century. Most, however, are descendants of converts from Hinduism and other faiths. Although Islam, culture of india essay, unlike Hinduism, stresses the equality of people, the institution of caste is so strong in the subcontinent that it has affected the communities professing Islam and most other faiths. Thus, most Indian Muslims intermarry within graded, castelike groups, many of which have traditional occupations.
Muslims form a majority of the population in Jammu and Kashmir and substantial minorities in the states of Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, culture of india essay, Assam, and Kerala. Sikhs, with 2, culture of india essay. Their faith, which dates from the early 16th century, combines aspects of Hinduism, such as belief in reincarnation, with ideas borrowed from Islam, culture of india essay, in particular strict belief in only one God, culture of india essay. A militant brotherhood, they are recognizable by their distinctive beards and turbans.
Households often consist of more than one married couple, culture of india essay. These joint families are usually headed by a senior male, whose wife, mother, or another related senior female assigns domestic chores to the women and girls. Generally the extended family may include his unmarried children, his younger brothers and their wives and unmarried children, his unmarried sisters, and his married sons and grandsons and their wives and unmarried children. In practice, however, brothers commonly separate and form new households soon after the death of their father. Over most of India though not in the south or northeasta girl marries outside her village, usually while still in her teens. Widow remarriage is frowned upon.
Married couples display a marked preference for male children. Girls, on the other hand, are seen as a liability because they require expensive dowries when they are married. Various state governments have tried to discourage this practice, but often families still go into debt to provide dowries; a family with several daughters and no sons may face financial disaster. Boys are culture of india essay to help in the fields and girls in the home. The freedom that girls enjoy is restricted after they reach the age of puberty; in northern India, even among the Hindus, female seclusion is common New World Encyclopedia.
Most villagers are farmers. The majority own some land, usually in scattered parcels, but a substantial number must rent all or part of the land they farm, either for cash or for an agreed-upon share of the harvest. The amount depends on whether the cultivator or the landlord pays for seed and irrigation water, and on who provides the animals for plowing. Shares typically range from one third to one half the harvest. Many families, especially among the scheduled castes, have no land at all, and both culture of india essay and children must sell their labor to the larger farmers. The simple tools used by most Indian farmers are generally made in the villages. Plows are wooden, with short iron tips.
They furrow but do not turn the soil. Draft animals are mainly oxen in the drier regions and water buffalo in the wetter, rice-growing areas. Both cattle and water buffalo are milked, but yields are low. Transport is still largely by oxcart or buffalo cart, though the use of trucks is gaining as a result of road improvement. Goods and services that are not available locally are obtained from nearby villages, at weekly outdoor markets, in towns and cities, and at fairs, usually held in connection with religious holidays. Payment for goods and services provided within the village may be either in cash or in kind.
The latter type of payment, usually a portion of grain at the time of harvest, used to be the customary rule. Most specialized-caste families catered culture of india essay a particular set of patron families, known as jajmans, with whom they were linked by hereditary ties. This jajmani system is breaking down over most of India, but patron-client alliances among various castes remain a common feature of village life. Most villages have at least a primary school offering up to six years of instruction. Some also offer adult education classes in the evening. While few villages can support a well-trained doctor, many have practitioners of traditional medicine.
Government-aided dispensaries are increasingly common. For entertainment men join their fellow caste members or those from castes at levels close to their own to pass the evening hours smoking and chatting. Women and girls talk at the village well and may join groups to sing religious songs. Male youths sometimes form sports clubs or drama groups. Village-owned radios set up in public spaces are common, but culture of india essay is rare. Culture of india essay storytellers, musicians, acrobats, and snake charmers relieve the drabness of life, as do weddings, culture of india essay, religious celebrations, trips to local fairs, and occasional religious pilgrimages.
At that time, the nation changed its status from a dominion to a federal republic, though it remained within the Commonwealth. The governor- general, appointed by the British Crown, was replaced by a president, chosen by an electoral college. The president is the official chief of state, but the office is largely ceremonial. Village government is in the hands of a democratically elected council, known as a panchayat, presided over by a village culture of india essay. In former days virtually all panchayat members were men of the upper castes, usually those who owned the most land. Now many states require that a certain number of women and members of scheduled castes be included. Increasingly, elections are held by secret culture of india essay. The panchayats are expected to work closely with the government-sponsored Community Development Program, which has divided the entire country into community development blocks, averaging about a hundred villages each.
Village-level workers within each block are the chief links between the government and the villagers. They bring news to the villagers of developments that might benefit them and report back the sentiments of the people Concise. The artistic and literary heritage of India is culture of india essay rich.
essay on Indian culture and tradition in english : Indian culture and tradition essay for Students
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The culture of India refers to a collection of minor unique cultures. The culture of India comprises of clothing, festivals, languages, religions, music, dance, architecture, food, and art in India. Most noteworthy, Indian culture has been influenced by several foreign cultures throughout its history. Also, the history of India’s culture is several millennia old. Components Estimated Reading Time: 4 mins The Indian culture and tradition essay is a guideline to the vibrant cultures and traditions followed in India. India was home to many invasions and thus it only added to the present variety. Today, India stands as a powerful and multi-cultured society as it Essay About Indian Culture: Brief Overview. Every culture is unique. It has its traditional values, religion, dance, festivals, music, and cloth. This topic involves abundant number of information because it is almost unlimited. Indian culture is one of the oldest. This country always had an urban civilization
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